Yes, conservators use several alternatives to Paraloid B-72, including Acrylic (PMMA), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), and natural resins like dammar and mastic. The choice depends on the object type, desired reversibility, and conservation goals.
Why Alternatives Are Needed
While Paraloid B-72 is widely used, conservators sometimes need alternatives because objects require different properties. Some alternatives are more reversible, meaning they can be removed more easily. Others work better on specific materials like textiles, paper, or stone. Cost, availability, and environmental concerns also influence which materials conservators choose.
Synthetic Polymer Alternatives
Acrylic (PMMA) is a common substitute that works similarly to Paraloid B-72 but has different reversibility properties. PVA is water-soluble and preferred for objects that cannot tolerate solvent-based materials, such as textiles and photographs. Acryloid (acrylic resin) and cellulose esters are also used depending on the conservation needs and the material being treated.
Natural Resin Alternatives
Dammar and mastic are natural tree resins used in art conservation for centuries. These resins are more easily reversible than many synthetic options and are preferred for paintings and decorative objects. Natural resins tend to age better visually and are less likely to yellow over time. However, they can be sensitive to humidity and temperature changes.
Specialized Applications
Different conservation situations call for different materials. Wax and oil-based consolidants work for some stone and wood objects. Gelatin and starch-based adhesives are used in book and paper conservation. Modern alternatives like nanoparticle-based consolidants are emerging for specific applications in stone and ceramic conservation.
Selection Criteria
Conservators choose alternatives based on reversibility, compatibility with the object material, long-term stability, and how the treatment might affect the object's appearance or future treatments. They also consider whether the material will remain stable for centuries and whether it can be safely removed if needed in the future. 
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