Television series are distributed internationally through licensing agreements with broadcasters, streaming platforms, and production companies that purchase rights to air the shows in specific countries or regions. Distribution methods include traditional TV channels, streaming services, cable networks, and physical media sales.
How Distribution Rights Are Sold
Television series distribution begins with the production company or studio controlling the intellectual property rights. These companies hire international sales agents or distributors who negotiate licensing agreements with broadcasters and streaming platforms in different countries. The distributor sells the right to air the show in specific territories, which may be a single country, multiple countries, or an entire region like Europe or Asia. Each territory deal specifies important details like how long the buyer can air the show, how many times it can be broadcast, and whether it can appear on multiple platforms simultaneously.
Main Distribution Channels
Television series reach international audiences through multiple platforms. Traditional broadcast television stations purchase licenses to air shows on their networks at scheduled times. Streaming services like Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+, and Apple TV+ license content to distribute to subscribers worldwide or in specific regions. Cable and satellite television providers also purchase rights to include series in their programming. Each channel or platform may have different agreements based on their business model and audience reach.
Regional and Territorial Distribution
Distributors divide the world into territories and sell rights separately to maximize revenue. A show might be licensed to one broadcaster in France, a different company in Germany, and a streaming service in Brazil. Some territories are more valuable than others, so licensing costs vary significantly. Major markets like the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia typically command higher prices than smaller markets. Distributors may also sell rights in tiers, starting with premium markets and moving to secondary markets after initial success.
Localization and Adaptation
Before international distribution, series often undergo localization to suit different markets. This includes adding subtitles in local languages or creating dubbed versions where actors re-record dialogue in another language. Some content may be edited to comply with local regulations or cultural standards. Distributors work with local partners to ensure the show is appropriately marketed and scheduled for the target audience. Localization significantly impacts distribution costs and timeline.
International Distribution Markets
Television and media companies conduct distribution business at major international events and markets. MIPTV in Cannes, France and NATPE in Miami are large gatherings where distributors showcase content and negotiate deals with broadcasters and streamers. These events allow face-to-face negotiations and help companies stay current with market trends. Virtual distribution platforms and direct sales teams also handle licensing agreements between events. The distributor's goal is to place the series in as many profitable territories as possible. 
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