What Triggers the Protocol
The NBA concussion protocol is activated when a player shows signs of a concussion during a game or practice. Signs include loss of consciousness, headache, confusion, dizziness, nausea, sensitivity to light, or memory problems. If any of these symptoms are observed, the player must immediately leave the game or practice and cannot return that day.
Medical Evaluation Process
Once a concussion is suspected, the player undergoes neurological testing by the team's physician and two independent neurological consultants. These doctors perform tests to check the player's memory, balance, concentration, and other brain functions. The evaluation determines if the player actually has a concussion and how severe it is.
Five-Step Return to Play
Players must complete five progressive steps before returning to games. Step 1 involves complete physical and mental rest. Step 2 allows light aerobic exercise like walking. Step 3 includes sport-specific activities without contact. Step 4 involves practice with full contact and competition. Step 5 is return to full game play. Players must wait at least one day between each step and remain symptom-free throughout.
Clearance Requirements
Before a player can return to play, they must receive written clearance from both the team physician and an independent neurological consultant. Both doctors must agree the player is healthy enough to play. This two-doctor requirement ensures no player returns too quickly and protects their long-term health.
Ongoing Monitoring
Even after a player returns to play, the team continues to monitor them for any returning concussion symptoms. Players are required to report any symptoms immediately. This ongoing care helps catch any problems early if symptoms come back after the player returns to games.