Basic Game Structure
An NCAA Division I softball game consists of 7 innings, with each team getting a turn to bat and play defense in each inning. A team wins by scoring more runs than the opponent after 7 complete innings. If the score is tied after 7 innings, the game goes into extra innings until one team wins. Each team has 9 players on the field positioned as pitcher, catcher, and 7 fielders.
Pitching Rules
The pitcher must stand on the pitcher's mound, which is 43 feet away from home plate. Pitchers throw underhand in softball, with the ball released below the hip and wrist no higher than the shoulder. A legal pitch must be between the batter's shoulders and knees. If a pitcher throws an illegal pitch, it is called a ball. Pitchers can be substituted at any time during the game.
Batting and Base Running
Batters must follow a continuous batting order and cannot skip players. A batter gets strikes and balls just like in baseball, with 3 strikes being an out and 4 balls earning a walk to first base. Batters can be hit by pitches and advance to first base safely. Base runners must stay within the baseline while running and can be tagged out or forced out at bases. Runners may lead off and steal bases, but must stay in contact with the base until the pitch is released.
Outs and Scoring
A batter can be called out by striking out, being tagged with the ball, or being thrown out at a base. Fielders can catch fly balls or ground balls for outs. Base runners score by safely reaching home plate. The catcher must tag or appeal to the umpire for certain plays. Teams are allowed 3 outs per inning before switching to defense.
Equipment and Field
The official softball used is 12 inches in circumference and softer than a baseball. Bats must meet NCAA specifications and cannot exceed certain length and weight limits. Players wear gloves, helmets, and protective gear. The field includes a diamond with bases 60 feet apart, and an outfield fence typically between 200 and 235 feet from home plate depending on the field.
Substitutions and Roster
Teams can have up to 15 players on their game roster, though only 9 play at a time. Players can be substituted at any point and may return to the game later. If a batter is substituted before batting, the new batter takes their place in the order. This flexibility allows coaches to manage player fatigue and match-up strategies throughout the game.