Federal Execution Methods
The federal government authorizes four execution methods under current law. Lethal injection is the default method for executions carried out after 2003. Inmates sentenced to death before 2003 may choose between lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, or firing squad, depending on what methods are available in the state where they are imprisoned.
Lethal Injection
Lethal injection became the primary federal execution method in 2003. This method involves injecting chemicals intravenously to stop the inmate's heart and breathing. For inmates sentenced after 2003, this is the only authorized method unless a state offers alternatives.
Alternative Methods
Inmates sentenced before 2003 may request electrocution, which uses electrical current. They may also choose gas chamber execution, which uses lethal gas, or firing squad, which involves gunshot. These alternatives are only available in certain states and only for inmates sentenced before the 2003 law change.
Legal Framework
Federal execution methods are defined in Title 18, Section 3596 of the United States Code. This law specifies which methods are authorized and under what circumstances each may be used. States may have their own laws about execution methods for state crimes, which may differ from federal law.
Important Context
Federal executions are rare. The last federal execution before 2020 occurred in 2003. Between 2020 and 2021, thirteen federal executions took place. Death sentences in the federal system are reserved for the most serious crimes, such as murder related to federal offenses.