What MMA Includes
Mixed martial arts combines striking techniques like punching and kicking from boxing and kickboxing with grappling techniques like takedowns and submissions from wrestling and jiu-jitsu. Fighters can use standing techniques to land strikes or take opponents to the ground to apply holds and joint locks. This variety makes MMA different from sports that focus on just one type of fighting.
How Matches Work
An MMA match takes place inside an octagonal cage that keeps fighters in a defined area. Matches are divided into rounds, with most fights having 3 rounds that last 5 minutes each. Fighters can win by knockout, when their opponent cannot continue fighting, by submission, when their opponent gives up due to pain from a hold, or by judges' decision at the end of the match.
Safety Rules and Regulations
MMA has strict rules to protect fighter safety. Fighters must wear padded gloves and mouthguards. Certain moves are illegal, including head butts, eye pokes, and hits to the back of the head. Referees can stop fights if a fighter is too injured to continue or if one fighter is being badly beaten.
Training and Skill Development
Professional MMA fighters train in multiple martial arts disciplines to develop well-rounded skills. Most fighters specialize in one or two areas but learn basics in striking, grappling, and submissions. Training gyms called MMA academies teach all these techniques together so fighters can transition smoothly between standing and ground fighting.
History and Growth
The first modern MMA event took place in 1993 and was called the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Early fights had few rules and allowed fighters from different martial arts to compete. Over time, MMA added safety rules and weight classes. Today, MMA is a major sport with events held worldwide and millions of fans. 
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