What is a Thunderstorm?
A thunderstorm is a weather system that produces rain, lightning, and thunder. It forms when warm, moist air rises quickly into the atmosphere and cools down. Thunderstorms can cover a large area and last for hours. They produce heavy rain, strong winds, hail, and lightning. Most thunderstorms are dangerous but localized to specific regions.
What is a Tornado?
A tornado is a rapidly spinning column of air that touches the ground. It forms when specific conditions inside a thunderstorm create rotating updrafts. The spinning motion can reach speeds of over 200 miles per hour, making tornadoes some of the most violent storms on Earth. A tornado typically lasts only a few minutes but can cause extreme damage in a narrow path.
How They Are Connected
Tornadoes are actually created from thunderstorms. Not all thunderstorms produce tornadoes, but all tornadoes form within thunderstorms. When a thunderstorm has strong rotating winds at different heights, it can create a vortex that extends down to the ground, forming a tornado. This is why tornado warnings are often issued during severe thunderstorm situations.
Size and Coverage
Thunderstorms can cover hundreds of square miles and affect entire regions. Tornadoes are much smaller, usually less than one mile wide, and follow a narrow path across the ground. Because of their small size, tornadoes affect fewer people, but the damage they cause in their path is far more severe than the damage from thunderstorms.
Danger and Safety
Both weather events are dangerous but in different ways. Thunderstorms cause flooding, lightning strikes, and wind damage over large areas. Tornadoes are more dangerous per square mile because of their extreme winds, but they affect smaller areas. When a tornado warning is issued, people should seek shelter in a basement or interior room immediately. During a thunderstorm, people should avoid outdoor activities and stay away from windows. 
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