What Are Stocks?
A stock is a share of ownership in a company. When you buy stock, you become a part-owner of that business. If the company does well and becomes more valuable, your stock can increase in value and you can sell it for a profit. Some companies also pay dividends, which are small cash payments given to shareholders from company profits. However, if the company performs poorly, your stock value can decrease and you could lose money.
What Are Bonds?
A bond is a loan that you make to a company or government. When you buy a bond, you are lending money that the borrower promises to pay back on a specific future date called the maturity date. In exchange for your loan, they pay you interest, which is a percentage of the money you lent. Bonds are generally considered safer investments than stocks because the borrower is legally required to repay you, and you receive regular interest payments.
Risk and Reward Differences
Stocks typically offer higher potential rewards but come with higher risk. Stock prices can change dramatically based on company performance and market conditions. Bonds offer more predictable, steady income through interest payments and are less risky because they are repaid before stock investors receive money if a company fails. However, bonds typically offer lower returns than stocks over time. The choice between stocks and bonds depends on how much risk you are willing to take and how soon you need the money.
Ownership and Control
When you own stocks, you have a claim on the company's future profits and may have voting rights on important company decisions. Bondholders do not own part of the company and have no voting rights. Instead, bondholders are creditors who have a contractual right to receive their money back with interest, regardless of how well the company performs.
Time and Liquidity
Stocks can be bought and sold quickly on stock exchanges during trading hours, making them relatively liquid. Bonds also can be traded, but the bond market is less active than the stock market. Additionally, bonds have a specific maturity date when you will receive your full investment back, while stocks have no maturity date and you only get your money back if you sell them. 
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