What Makes Antarctica a Desert
Antarctica is considered a desert not because of temperature, but because of its extreme lack of moisture. A desert is defined as any place that receives less than 10 inches of precipitation per year. Antarctica receives most of its precipitation as snow, with an average of less than 2 inches annually. This makes it one of the driest places on Earth despite being covered in ice and snow.
Climate and Environment
Antarctica is a cold desert with temperatures that can drop below -60°C in winter. The continent experiences very strong winds and long periods of darkness during winter months. Despite the frozen appearance, the land receives minimal new snow each year. The ice sheets that cover Antarctica have accumulated over hundreds of thousands of years from the small amounts of precipitation that fall there.
Comparison to Other Large Deserts
The Sahara Desert in Africa is the largest hot desert, covering about 3.6 million square miles. The Arctic is also classified as a cold desert. Antarctica is larger than both in terms of total area, making it the largest desert on Earth by size.
Wildlife and Life
Despite being a harsh desert environment, Antarctica is home to unique wildlife adapted to extreme cold, including penguins, seals, whales, and various seabirds. No trees or large plants grow on the continent. The only plants that survive are small mosses, lichens, and algae. 
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