What is USB 3.2?
USB 3.2 is the latest standard for USB connections as of 2017. It improved upon the previous USB 3.1 standard by doubling the maximum data transfer speed. The new standard allows for much faster file transfers, video streaming, and data backups when using compatible cables and devices.
Speed Specifications
USB 3.2 achieves its 20 Gbps maximum speed through improved technology and better use of the USB cable's bandwidth. This is measured in gigabits per second, which is different from gigabytes per second. To convert to file sizes, you would divide by 8, meaning USB 3.2 can theoretically transfer about 2.5 gigabytes of data per second.
Real vs Theoretical Speed
While 20 Gbps is the theoretical maximum, actual speeds in everyday use are typically slower. This happens because some of the bandwidth is used for error checking and other technical overhead. Cable quality, device capabilities, and what you're transferring all affect real-world speeds. Users typically experience speeds around 10-15 Gbps with modern equipment.
Comparison to Other Standards
USB 3.2 is significantly faster than USB 3.1 (10 Gbps) and much faster than USB 3.0 (5 Gbps). It is also faster than USB 2.0 (480 Mbps), which many older devices still use. However, USB 4.0, released later, offers even faster speeds of up to 40 Gbps.
Compatibility and Adoption
USB 3.2 cables and devices are becoming more common, but they are not yet standard on all computers and phones. Most newer laptops and desktop computers include at least one USB 3.2 port. However, you need both a USB 3.2 cable and devices that support the standard to achieve the full 20 Gbps speed. Older USB devices will still work with USB 3.2 ports, but at their original slower speeds. 
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