What Firmware Does
Firmware provides the basic instructions that tell a device how to start up and operate. When you turn on an electronic device, firmware is the first software that runs. It controls core functions like managing power, reading input from buttons and sensors, and communicating with other parts of the device. Without firmware, hardware components would not know what to do or how to work together.
How Firmware Differs from Other Software
Firmware is different from regular software applications because it is permanently stored in the device's memory and comes with the device from the factory. Applications like web browsers or games can be installed, removed, and updated easily by users. Firmware is fixed and typically cannot be changed without special tools or permission. However, some devices allow firmware updates to fix problems or add new features.
Everyday Examples
Your smartphone has firmware that starts up when you press the power button. Your home wireless router has firmware that manages internet connections. Printers, televisions, car entertainment systems, and smart watches all use firmware to function. Even simple devices like digital thermostats and microwave ovens contain firmware to control their operations.
Firmware Updates
Manufacturers sometimes release firmware updates to improve device performance, add new features, or fix security problems. These updates are different from app updates because they directly modify how the device operates at its core level. Users may need to connect their device to a computer or internet connection to install a firmware update. It is important not to interrupt a firmware update, as it could damage the device. 
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