What is Vatican City?
Vatican City is an independent city-state and the spiritual center of the Roman Catholic Church. It is the smallest internationally recognized independent state in the world by both area and population. The country exists as an independent nation within the city of Rome, Italy, and is completely surrounded by the city's borders.
Size and Population
Vatican City covers only 0.17 square miles, making it smaller than many city parks. Despite its tiny size, it is home to approximately 800 to 825 residents, most of whom work for the Catholic Church or serve in official capacities. The population includes clergy, Swiss Guards, and Vatican employees.
History and Independence
Vatican City became an independent state in 1929 through the Lateran Treaty between Italy and the Roman Catholic Church. This agreement ended a long dispute between the Church and the Italian government. Before 1929, the Pope did not have an official independent territory, though the Church controlled property in Rome.
Government and Leadership
Vatican City is ruled by the Pope as an absolute monarch. The Pope serves as both the spiritual leader of the Catholic Church and the head of state for Vatican City. The government is a theocracy, meaning religious leaders hold political power.
Famous Landmarks
Vatican City is home to Saint Peter's Basilica, one of the largest churches in the world and a major pilgrimage site. The Vatican Museums house one of the world's greatest art collections, including famous works by Michelangelo and Raphael. The Sistine Chapel, located within the Vatican, is known for its stunning ceiling painted by Michelangelo. 
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