What Victory Day Commemorates
Victory Day marks the official end of World War II in Europe when Nazi Germany surrendered on May 8-9, 1945. The Soviet Union played a crucial role in defeating Nazi Germany, especially on the Eastern Front where some of the war's deadliest battles occurred. The victory came at enormous cost to the Soviet people, with over 27 million Soviet citizens killed during the war.
How Russia Celebrates
Russia observes Victory Day on May 9 each year as a major national holiday. The celebration includes military parades, ceremonies, the laying of wreaths at memorials, and public gatherings. Russians view this day as a central part of their national identity and historical memory. Many people wear orange and black ribbons called St. George Ribbons as symbols of military valor.
Ukraine's Changing Observance
Ukraine observed Victory Day on May 9 throughout the Soviet period and for some years after independence. However, starting in 2015, Ukraine began shifting its commemoration away from May 9. The country now emphasizes May 8 as Europe Day and has developed other remembrance practices. This change reflects Ukraine's move toward a separate national identity distinct from Russia.
Historical Context
World War II lasted from 1939 to 1945 and was the deadliest conflict in human history. The Soviet Union joined the war in 1941 after Germany invaded. The Eastern Front, where Soviet and German forces fought, was the largest and costliest theater of the war. Soviet forces advanced westward, eventually reaching Berlin and accepting Germany's surrender.
Different Dates Explained
Victory Day is celebrated on different dates in different places because of time zones and when the surrender took place. Germany signed the first surrender document on May 7, 1945, in western Europe. The final unconditional surrender was signed on May 8, 1945. Eastern Europeans, including the Soviet Union, mark the celebration on May 9 because of the time difference. 
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