The Antarctic Treaty System
Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty, an international agreement signed in 1959. The treaty established Antarctica as a scientific preserve and designated it as the common heritage of mankind. This means no country can claim ownership of Antarctica or any part of it. Instead, the continent is set aside for peaceful purposes, and all signatory nations have equal rights to conduct scientific research there.
Which Countries Have Claims
Before the Antarctic Treaty was signed, several countries made territorial claims to parts of Antarctica, including the United Kingdom, Norway, France, Australia, New Zealand, Chile, and Argentina. However, these claims are frozen under the treaty, meaning they are not recognized or enforced. All signatory countries agreed to put aside their territorial ambitions in favor of international cooperation.
Rules for Antarctica
The Antarctic Treaty prohibits military activities, weapons testing, and nuclear explosions on the continent. Antarctica can only be used for scientific research and peaceful purposes. Countries are required to share scientific data and discoveries with other nations. Tourism and fishing are regulated to protect the environment and wildlife.
How It Is Managed Today
Antarctica is managed through regular meetings of the countries that signed the treaty. These nations work together to make decisions about research, environmental protection, and resource management. Additional agreements have been added over time, including protocols for environmental protection. This system of international cooperation has successfully kept Antarctica peaceful and dedicated to science for over 60 years. 
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